Kodi PVC Stabilizers ndi chiyani?

Zokhazikika za PVCNdi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi ma copolymer ake. Pa mapulasitiki a PVC, ngati kutentha kwa processing kupitirira 160℃, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kudzachitika ndipo mpweya wa HCl udzapangidwa. Ngati sikuchepetsedwa, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kumeneku kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki a PVC.

Kafukufuku adapeza kuti ngati mapulasitiki a PVC ali ndi mchere wochepa wa lead, sopo wachitsulo, phenol, amine wonunkhira, ndi zina zodetsa, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sikungakhudzidwe, komabe, kuwonongeka kwake kwa kutentha kungachepe pang'ono. Maphunziro awa amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa ndi kupitilira kwa ma PVC stabilizers.

Zokhazikika za PVC zimaphatikizapo zokhazikika za organotin, zokhazikika zamchere wachitsulo, ndi zokhazikika zamchere wachilengedwe. Zokhazikika za Organotin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu za PVC chifukwa cha kuwonekera bwino, kukana nyengo, komanso kugwirizana. Zokhazikika zamchere wachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa calcium, zinc, kapena barium, zomwe zingapereke kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Zokhazikika zamchere wachilengedwe monga tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, ndi zina zotero zimakhala ndi kutentha kwanthawi yayitali komanso kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi kwabwino. Mukasankha chokhazikika cha PVC choyenera, muyenera kuganizira momwe zinthu za PVC zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso momwe zimakhalira zokhazikika. Zokhazikika zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a zinthu za PVC mwakuthupi komanso mwamankhwala, kotero kupanga ndi kuyesa kokhwima ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zokhazikikazo ndizoyenera. Chiyambitsiro chatsatanetsatane ndi kufananiza kwa zokhazikika zosiyanasiyana za PVC ndi izi:

Chokhazikika cha Organotin:Zolimbitsa thupi za Organotin ndi zolimbitsa thupi zogwira mtima kwambiri pazinthu za PVC. Mankhwala awo ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ma oxide a organotin kapena ma chloride a organotin okhala ndi ma acid kapena ma esters oyenera.

Zolimbitsa thupi za Organotin zimagawidwa m'magulu okhala ndi sulfure ndi opanda sulfure. Kukhazikika kwa zolimbitsa thupi zokhala ndi sulfure n'kwabwino kwambiri, koma pali mavuto mu kukoma ndi kusakanizana kwa zinthu zofanana ndi mankhwala ena okhala ndi sulfure. Zolimbitsa thupi za organotin zomwe sizili ndi sulfure nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku maleic acid kapena theka la maleic acid esters. Amakondazokhazikika za methyl tinsizigwira ntchito bwinozolimbitsa kutenthandi kukhazikika bwino kwa kuwala.

Zolimbitsa thupi za Organotin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poika chakudya ndi zinthu zina zowonekera bwino za PVC monga mapaipi owonekera bwino.

Zolimbitsa Thupi la Lead:Zinthu zokhazikika za lead zimaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi: dibasic lead stearate, hydrated tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phthalate, ndi dibasic lead phosphate.

Monga zotetezera kutentha, mankhwala a lead sangawononge mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino, kuyamwa madzi pang'ono, komanso kukana kwa zinthu za PVC panja pa nyengo.zokhazikika za leadali ndi zovuta monga:

- Kukhala ndi poizoni;

- Kuipitsidwa ndi sulfure, makamaka;

- Kupanga lead chloride, yomwe imapanga mizere pa zinthu zomalizidwa;

- Chiŵerengero cholemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero cha kulemera/voliyumu chisakwanire.

- Zolimbitsa tsitsi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za PVC zisawonekere bwino nthawi yomweyo ndipo zimasanduka mtundu msanga kutentha kukapitirira.

Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zimenezi, zolimbitsa mphamvu za lead zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri. Pakuteteza magetsi, zolimbitsa mphamvu za lead ndizo zomwe zimakondedwa. Popindula ndi mphamvu zake zonse, zinthu zambiri zosinthasintha komanso zolimba za PVC zimapezeka monga zigawo zakunja za chingwe, ma board olimba a PVC osawoneka bwino, mapaipi olimba, zikopa zopanga, ndi ma injector.

Zolimbitsa mchere wachitsulo: Zosakaniza mchere wachitsulo chosakanikiranandi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwa malinga ndi ntchito za PVC ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mtundu uwu wa chokhazikika wasintha kuchokera pakuwonjezera barium succinate ndi cadmium palm acid yokha kupita ku kusakaniza kwa sopo wa barium, sopo wa cadmium, sopo wa zinc, ndi organic phosphite, ndi ma antioxidants, zosungunulira, zowonjezera, zopaka utoto, zopaka utoto, zoyatsira UV, zowunikira, zowongolera kukhuthala, mafuta, ndi zokometsera zopangira. Zotsatira zake, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze momwe chokhazikikacho chimakhudzira.

Zinthu zokhazikika zachitsulo, monga barium, calcium, ndi magnesium siziteteza mtundu woyambirira wa zinthu za PVC koma zimatha kupereka kukana kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu za PVC zokhazikika mwanjira imeneyi zimayamba ndi chikasu/lalanje, kenako pang'onopang'ono zimakhala bulauni, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhala zakuda pambuyo pa kutentha kosalekeza.

Zolimbitsa thupi za Cadmium ndi zinc zinagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba chifukwa zimakhala zowonekera bwino ndipo zimatha kusunga mtundu woyambirira wa zinthu za PVC. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumaperekedwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi za cadmium ndi zinc ndi koipa kwambiri kuposa komwe kumaperekedwa ndi za barium, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka mwadzidzidzi popanda chizindikiro chilichonse.

Kuwonjezera pa chiŵerengero cha chinthu chachitsulo, mphamvu ya zinthu zokhazikika zamchere wachitsulo imakhudzananso ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mchere, zomwe ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza zinthu izi: kukhuthala, kuyenda, kuwonekera bwino, kusintha kwa mtundu wa utoto, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa PVC. Pansipa pali zinthu zingapo zokhazikika zachitsulo chosakanikirana: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, ndi stearate.

Zolimbitsa mchere wachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zofewa za PVC ndi zinthu zofewa za PVC monga ma CD a chakudya, zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala, ndi ma CD a mankhwala.