Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi polima wopangidwa ndi polymerization ya vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) pamaso pa oyambitsa monga peroxides ndi azo compounds kapena ndi njira ya polymerization ya free radical pansi pa kuwala kapena kutentha. PVC ndi polymer zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito atomu ya chlorine m'malo mwa atomu ya hydrogen mu polyethylene, ndipo vinyl chloride homopolymers ndi vinyl chloride copolymers onse amatchedwa vinyl chloride resins.
Maunyolo a mamolekyu a PVC ali ndi maatomu amphamvu a chlorine okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pakati pa mamolekyu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za PVC zikhale zolimba, zolimba, komanso zogwira mtima, komanso zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoletsa moto (kuletsa moto kumatanthauza mphamvu yomwe chinthu chili nayo kapena yomwe chinthucho chili nayo pambuyo pochizira kuti chichedwetse kufalikira kwa moto); komabe, ma dielectric constant ndi dielectric loss angle tangent ake ndi akulu kuposa a PE.
Utomoni wa PVC uli ndi ma bond awiri ochepa, unyolo wolumikizidwa ndi nthambi, ndi zotsalira zoyambira zomwe zatsala mu polymerization reaction, kuphatikiza ma atomu a chlorine ndi hydrogen pakati pa ma atomu awiri a kaboni oyandikana nawo, omwe amachotsedwa mosavuta ku chlorine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PVC iwonongeke mosavuta chifukwa cha kuwala ndi kutentha. Chifukwa chake, zinthu za PVC ziyenera kuwonjezera zokhazikika kutentha, monga calcium-zinc heat stabilizer, barium-zinc heat stabilizer, lead salt heat stabilizer, organic tin stabilizer, ndi zina zotero.
Ntchito zazikulu
PVC imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo imatha kukonzedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukanikiza, kutulutsa, kubaya, ndi kuphimba. Mapulasitiki a PVC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafilimu, zikopa zopanga, kutchinjiriza mawaya ndi zingwe, zinthu zolimba, pansi, mipando, zida zamasewera, ndi zina zotero.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi PVC nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: zolimba, zokhazikika pang'ono ndi zofewa. Zinthu zolimba komanso zokhazikika pang'ono zimakonzedwa popanda pulasitiki kapena ndi pulasitiki yochepa, pomwe zinthu zofewa zimakonzedwa ndi pulasitiki yambiri. Pambuyo powonjezera mapulasitiki, kutentha kwa kusintha kwa galasi kumatha kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza pa kutentha kochepa ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha ndi pulasitiki ya unyolo wa molekyulu, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga zinthu zofewa zomwe zimasinthasintha pa kutentha kwa chipinda.
1. Mbiri za PVC
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitseko ndi mawindo komanso zipangizo zosungira mphamvu.
2. Mapaipi a PVC
Mapaipi a PVC ali ndi mitundu yambiri, amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, ndipo ali ndi malo ofunikira pamsika.
3. Mafilimu a PVC
PVC ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala filimu yowonekera kapena yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi makulidwe odziwika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kalendala, ndipo filimu yopangidwa ndi njira iyi imatchedwa filimu yokonzedwa. Zipangizo zopangira za PVC zopyapyala zimathanso kupangidwa kukhala filimu pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma blow moulding, ndipo filimu yopangidwa ndi njira iyi imatchedwa filimu yopanga ma blow moulding. Filimuyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zambiri ndipo imatha kukonzedwa kukhala matumba, ma raincoats, nsalu za patebulo, makatani, zoseweretsa zopumira, ndi zina zotero podula ndi kutseka kutentha. Mafilimu owonekera bwino angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumanga nyumba zobiriwira ndi nyumba zobiriwira zapulasitiki, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafilimu apansi.
4. Bolodi la PVC
Kuwonjezeredwa ndi chokhazikika, mafuta odzola ndi chodzaza, ndipo pambuyo posakaniza, PVC ikhoza kutulutsidwa m'mapaipi olimba osiyanasiyana, mapaipi ooneka ngati ma corrugated ndi mapaipi owonjezera, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi otsika, mapaipi amadzi akumwa, chivundikiro cha waya wamagetsi kapena chogwirira cha masitepe. Mapepala ozungulira amalumikizidwa ndikutenthedwa kuti apange mapepala olimba okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Mapepalawo amatha kudulidwa m'mawonekedwe ofunikira kenako nkulumikizidwa ndi mpweya wotentha pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zolumikizira za PVC m'matanki osiyanasiyana osungiramo mankhwala, ma ducts ndi zidebe, ndi zina zotero.
5. Zinthu zofewa za PVC
Pogwiritsa ntchito chotulutsira, chimatha kutulutsidwa m'mapayipi, zingwe, mawaya, ndi zina zotero; pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira jakisoni okhala ndi nkhungu zosiyanasiyana, chimatha kupangidwa kukhala nsapato zapulasitiki, nsapato zonyamulira, masilipi, zoseweretsa, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zina zotero.
6. Zipangizo zopakira za PVC
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi PVC zopakira makamaka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziwiya, filimu ndi pepala lolimba. Ziwiya za PVC zimapangidwa makamaka za madzi amchere, zakumwa, mabotolo odzola, komanso zopakira mafuta oyeretsedwa.
7. PVC siding ndi pansi
Ma PVC siding amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo mwa aluminiyamu siding, matailosi a pansi a PVC, kupatulapo gawo la PVC resin, zigawo zina zonse ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, zomatira, zodzaza ndi zigawo zina, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pansi pa eyapoti ndi malo ena okhala ndi nthaka yolimba.
8. Zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PVC
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi PVC zimapezeka kulikonse m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. PVC imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikopa zosiyanasiyana zopangira matumba onyamula katundu, zinthu zamasewera monga basketball, mipira ya mpira ndi mipira ya rugby. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga yunifolomu ndi malamba apadera oteteza. Nsalu za PVC zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala nthawi zambiri zimakhala nsalu zoyamwa madzi (palibe chophimba chofunikira) monga ma poncho, mathalauza a ana, majekete a chikopa chopangidwa ndi nsapato zosiyanasiyana zamvula. PVC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zambiri zamasewera ndi zosangalatsa monga zoseweretsa, zolemba ndi zinthu zamasewera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-19-2023