Kodi PVC Stabilizers ndi chiyani

PVC stabilizersndi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwamafuta a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi ma copolymers ake. Kwa mapulasitiki a PVC, ngati kutentha kwa processing kupitirira 160 ℃, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kudzachitika ndipo mpweya wa HCl udzapangidwa. Ngati sichiponderezedwa, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kumeneku kudzaipitsidwanso, zomwe zidzakhudza chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki a PVC.

Kafukufuku adapeza kuti ngati mapulasitiki a PVC ali ndi mchere wochepa kwambiri, sopo wachitsulo, phenol, amine onunkhira, ndi zonyansa zina, kukonza kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikungakhudzidwe, komabe, kuwonongeka kwake kwamafuta kumatha kuchepetsedwa pang'ono. Maphunzirowa amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha PVC stabilizers.

Zokhazikika za PVC zokhazikika zimaphatikizapo organotin stabilizers, metal stabilizers salt stabilizers, and inorganic salt stabilizers. Organotin stabilizers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu za PVC chifukwa chowonekera, kukana bwino kwanyengo, komanso kugwirizanitsa. Zitsulo zamchere zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa calcium, zinki, kapena barium, womwe ungapereke kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Inorganic mchere stabilizers monga tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, etc. kukhala ndi thermostability yaitali ndi kutchinjiriza wabwino magetsi. Posankha chokhazikika chokhazikika cha PVC, muyenera kuganizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zinthu za PVC ndi zomwe zimafunikira kukhazikika. Ma stabilizer osiyanasiyana amakhudza magwiridwe antchito a PVC mwakuthupi komanso mwakuthupi, kotero kupangidwa kokhazikika ndi kuyezetsa kumafunika kuti zitsimikizire kukwanira kwa zokhazikika. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuyerekezera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PVC stabilizers ndi motere:

Organotin Stabilizer:Organotin stabilizers ndi okhazikika kwambiri pazinthu za PVC. Zosakaniza zawo ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi organotin oxides kapena organotin chlorides okhala ndi zidulo zoyenera kapena esters.

Organotin stabilizers amagawidwa kukhala ndi sulfure komanso wopanda sulfure. Kukhazikika kwa Sulfur-container stabilizers ndikodabwitsa, koma pali zovuta muzakudya ndi kuthirira kofanana ndi mankhwala ena okhala ndi sulfure. Non-sulfure organotin stabilizers zambiri zochokera maleic acid kapena theka maleic acid esters. Amakonda ma methyl tin stabilizers ndi otsika kwambiri kutentha okhazikika komanso kukhazikika bwino kwa kuwala.

Organotin stabilizers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyika chakudya ndi zinthu zina zowonekera za PVC monga ma hoses owonekera.

Ma Stabilizer otsogolera:Ma lead stabilizers awa ndi awa: dibasic lead stearate, hydrated tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phthalate, ndi dibasic lead phosphate.

Monga zowongolera kutentha, mankhwala otsogolera sangawononge mphamvu zamagetsi, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika, komanso kukana kwakunja kwa PVC kwa nyengo. Komabe,kutsogolera stabilizersali ndi zoyipa monga:

- Kukhala ndi kawopsedwe;

- Kuipitsidwa, makamaka ndi sulfure;

- Kupanga chloride yotsogolera, yomwe imapanga mikwingwirima pazomalizidwa;

- Chiŵerengero cholemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kulemera kosakwanira / kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero.

- Ma lead stabilizer nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti zinthu za PVC ziwonekere nthawi yomweyo ndikusinthiratu mwachangu pakatentha kwambiri.

Mosasamala kanthu za kuipa kumeneku, zotsitsimutsa kutsogolera zikugwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala. Pamagetsi amagetsi, ma stabilizer otsogolera amasankhidwa. Kupindula ndi momwe zimakhalira, zinthu zambiri zosinthika komanso zolimba za PVC zimazindikirika monga zigawo zakunja za chingwe, matabwa olimba a PVC, mapaipi olimba, zikopa zopanga, ndi majekeseni.

Metal salt stabilizers: Wosakaniza zitsulo mchere stabilizersndi magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa molingana ndi mapulogalamu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito a PVC. Kukhazikika kwamtunduwu kudachokera pakuwonjezera kwa barium succinate ndi cadmium palm acid kokha mpaka kusakanizika kwa sopo wa barium, sopo wa cadmium, sopo wa zinki, ndi phosphite yachilengedwe, yokhala ndi ma antioxidants, zosungunulira, zowonjezera, zopangira pulasitiki, zopaka utoto, zoyatsira UV, zowunikira. , zowongolera kukhuthala, mafuta odzola, ndi zokometsera zopanga. Zotsatira zake, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za stabilizer yomaliza.

Zolimbitsa zitsulo, monga barium, calcium, ndi magnesium siziteteza mtundu woyambirira wa zipangizo za PVC koma zimatha kupereka kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Zinthu za PVC zokhazikika motere zimayamba kukhala zachikasu / lalanje, kenako zimasanduka zofiirira, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhala zakuda chifukwa cha kutentha kosalekeza.

Ma Cadmium ndi zinc stabilizer adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba chifukwa amawonekera ndipo amatha kusunga mtundu woyambirira wa zinthu za PVC. Kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali komwe kumaperekedwa ndi cadmium ndi zinc stabilizers ndi koipa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi barium, zomwe zimangowonongeka mwadzidzidzi popanda chizindikiro chochepa.

Kuphatikiza pa chiŵerengero cha zitsulo, zotsatira zazitsulo zamchere zamchere zimagwirizananso ndi mankhwala awo amchere, omwe ndi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza zinthu zotsatirazi: lubricity, kuyenda, kuwonekera, kusintha kwa mtundu wa pigment, ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa PVC. Pansipa pali zokhazikika zingapo zosakanikirana zazitsulo: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, ndi stearate.

Metal salt stabilizers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zofewa za PVC ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino za PVC monga kulongedza chakudya, zogulitsira zamankhwala, komanso kuyika mankhwala.